The time has finally arrived for your highly anticipated international trip. Your trip was planned last year, and everything has been confirmed: airplane tickets, hotel reservations, and tours. You went shopping for new clothes, got your suitcase from the closet and the excitement is growing every day as you get closer to your departure.
But wait--what about vaccines?
Is this one more preparation that needs to be added to the "To Do" list? Traveling out of the country can be daunting. Pictures of exotic destinations combined with new, curious foods dance off the pages of the travel brochures. Anticipating the unexpected can be a challenge and exciting for even the most seasoned traveler. You have contacted your doctor and your doctor recommends several vaccines. But are they necessary? How do you evaluate the risks? And now, we may have to add another vaccine to travel to the list.
Covid-19
As more people around the world receive the Covid-19 vaccine, people may be more willing to travel. While getting the vaccine can minimize travel restrictions, there are still many factors to consider. There is even a chance that individual states could require visitors to be vaccinated for COVID-19, in the same way they require public school students to show proof of vaccinations for certain diseases, like polio and hepatitis A,
The travel industry — not to mention travelers — are eager for a return to normal so people can once again fly, cruise and road-trip like they did before the pandemic. Now that the Covid-19 rollout is underway, many are hoping it will be the key to help the world get traveling again.
Nothing has been confirmed yet, but the COVID-19 vaccination may not be required to board domestic flights, but a Covid-19 vaccine may be required to travel internationally. There are no answers now, but this is something we are going to have to watch.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that is spread through contact with blood. In the US, Hepatitis B is primarily found in adults, and is spread through intimate contact or through sharing needles used with illicit drugs. Hepatitis B is more common in the general population in East and Southeast Asia and in Sub-Saharan Africa. Unless you plan to spend extended periods in close contact with infected persons, the risks of contracting Hepatitis B while traveling is extremely small.
Polio
Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system. The disease is seen primarily in children under five years of age; the initial symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs. Polio is nearly eradicated but was once common throughout the undeveloped world. There have been no cases of wild polio in the Western Hemisphere since 1991.
Tetanus
Tetanus is an acute, spastic paralytic illness caused by a toxin released from the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The bacterium is found in soils and animal feces throughout the world. Neonatal tetanus is the deadliest and the type most often pictured in textbook cases of tetanus.
Tetanus is not a uniformly fatal disease. If you are traveling to remote areas, such as the backpacking in areas without medical care and without clean water, you may want to consider your tetanus status.
One thing to remember is that a tetanus shot does not guarantee protection. If you get cut, your best protection against tetanus is to thoroughly clean the wound with large amounts of warm, soapy water, and to encourage the injury to bleed profusely for a few minutes. Apply hydrogen peroxide to clean your wound, followed by a topical antibiotic ointment such as Neosporin.
What About Exotic Diseases?
When traveling overseas, it is possible to encounter some illnesses not generally seen in the US. The Centers for Disease Control lists the following infections as possible concerns for anyone traveling to any destination around the globe:
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever, an acute, febrile illness caused by the bacterium salmonella typhi, is characterized by fever, headache, and enlargement of the spleen. The greatest risk is for travelers to the Indian subcontinent and to developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America who will have prolonged exposure to potentially unrefrigerated foods.
Yellow Fever
Yellow Fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that can vary in severity from a flu-like syndrome to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever. The disease occurs only in sub-Saharan Africa and rural, tropical South America.
Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese Encephalitis is another mosquito-borne viral infection that is found throughout Asia, particularly in rural or agricultural areas of the temperate regions of China, Japan, Korea, and eastern Russia. The risk to short-term travelers to cities is extremely low. For all these potential infections, it is important to obtain a natural mosquito repellant, one that is free of DEET, the toxic additive found in most insect repellants.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a viral disease that has an onset of fever and diarrhea, followed within a few days by jaundice (turning yellow). The disease ranges in clinical severity from no symptoms to a mild illness lasting one to two weeks.
Although widespread throughout the world, Hepatitis A can be prevented by carefully following the hygiene and following a few food recommendations:
1. Eat only cooked foods hot to the touch. Avoid eating food from street vendors.
2. Avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables unless you peel them yourself.
3. Drink only "safe" beverages: sealed bottled water, hot tea, coffee, beer, wine, and boiled water; avoid drinking beverages with ice.
5. Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat and seafood (hepatitis risk).
6. Avoid all tap water and be careful of getting shower water in your mouth. When dining in restaurants, ask whether the salad greens have been washed in boiled, distilled, or bottled water.
7. Avoid milk and dairy products of unknown refrigeration standards.
What is Recommended and What is Required?
Although the CDC recommends that all travelers obtain vaccines when traveling abroad, it is important to realize that, with one exception, no vaccine is required before you travel anywhere in the world: they are only "recommended."
You will not be required to have a vaccination record to enter a country, nor will you be required to obtain vaccines to return home. The sole exception is the Yellow Fever vaccine, which may be required if you travel to or from a South American or African country infected with Yellow Fever.
The recommendations can vary from country to country; if such a destination is part of your travel plans, you should look up the Yellow Fever requirements for that specific country.
I have been traveling the world for many years and I have only had to get a yellow fever vaccine. If, however, a Covid-19 vaccine is required for travel, I will be happy to get the vaccine and show my “Covid-19 Vaccine” passport to continue to travel the world.
Final Thoughts
As of now most countries are launching and working on their passport programs. As the vaccine becomes widely available and technology improves, an international standard vaccine passport may be required for travel.
If you enjoyed these tips and would like to know more about Colesville Travel, please email us or give us a call at 301-989-1654.
Until then, stay inspired until we can safely travel again.
Cindy